Saturday, December 28, 2019
Achievements Of Ancient Egypt - 957 Words
Ancient Egypt: New Kingdom The Egyptian civilization emerged along the Nile River in northern Africa. The ancient Egyptians owed much of their prosperity to this location. Behind the power of the Egyptian empire lay a vast wealth of natural resources. The Nile River provided huge expanses of fertile farming ground that kept Egypt self-sufficient and usually there was abundance of food. MAPS The New Kingdom Egypt is considered the third great era of the Egyptian culture. The two achievements during this period are the unification of Egypt and 500 years of political stability and economic prosperity. During the third period of centralized rule in Egypt there were more dealings with the other kingdoms of the eastern Mediterranean than inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The New Kingdom Egypt lasted from 1550 to 1069 B.C.E. The Empire was maintained through both force and diplomacy. In the process, Egypt won vast amounts of gold, influence and respect. After 25 years on the throne Ahmoses died, but his legacy would live on, to ensure that foreigners would never rule his country again; he had pushed Egyptââ¬â¢s borders beyond the Saini desert in the north and deep into Nubia in the south. The warrior Pharaoh had laid the foundations of an empire. Writing and Art The rhythmic cycle of the sunââ¬â¢s journey and the dependability of the seasons influenced ancient Egyptian culture and art. Both art and writing used recognizable images from the environment to convey specific ideas. However, Egyptian art was not intended to be realistic. It served to perpetuate the cults of the gods and the dead. Glass vessels began to be produced in New Kingdom Egypt early in the 18th dynasty (1150-1295 B.C.E.). During the reign of King Amenhotep III (1390-1352 B.C.), glass was a highly prized, luxury industry under royal control. Glass inlays were used to create colorful decorations for architecture, furniture, and ornaments. An example is this Architecture Although the rulers of Dynasty 19 established an administrative capital near their home in the Delta, Thebes remained a cultural and religious center. The pharaohs built their mortuary temples here and were buried in huge rock-cut tombs Egyptian Tombs Life Along the NileShow MoreRelatedThe Achievements Of Ancient Egypt1291 Words à |à 6 PagesTemples, tombs and pyramids have all witnessed this earth for thousands of years. These architectural achievements show us that Egypt s greatest virtue lie in its architecture. One Ancient Egyptââ¬â¢s greatest cultural achievements was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion. If you were to travel to Egypt what would you expect to see? Pyramid after temple after tomb, each standing the test of time. They all stand out, they are all associated with religious beliefs, they all haveRead MoreThe Impact of the Egyptian and the Hebrew Civilizations on Humanity1459 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Throughout history, great civilizations have existed in various parts of the world. The cultural, economic, political, and/or intellectual achievements of these civilizations contributed to the advancement of humankind. Civilization is a term that has various meanings. Most popularly and in this context it can be referred to as an advanced state of human society, in HYPERLINK http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/which whichÃâà a high level of HYPERLINK http://dictionary.referenceRead MoreAncient Egypt : Ancient Egyptian Art1308 Words à |à 6 Pages Religious Architechture in ancient Egypt Egyptian art has journeyed through the centuries as one of the most influential phenomenon in human civilization. From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C.Read MoreTaking a Look at Ancient Egypt1181 Words à |à 5 Pagesby the Atlantic Ocean. Africa is known to have many diverse environments, which include arid areas, semi-arid, Tropical rainforests, Savanna, vast swamps and snowcapped mountains in the south of Africa. The first ever civilization in Africa was in Egypt along the river Nile. This civilization later spread to the other parts of Africa. The emergence of civilization in Africa provided a framework for most of developments in African history. There were different setups cultural and political aspectsRead MoreAncient Egypt Civilization : Ancient And Modern Egypt968 Words à |à 4 Pages Ancient and Modern Egypt There are some countries that have a large civilization, but how many countries have had a successful civilization throughout its existence? What if there is a country that has a civilization from 7000 years ago that has a rich history, various progresses, cultures, governments, customs, and habits? A lot of its heritage still exists until now, Egypt was one of the most wonderful civilizations in human history. Ancient Egyptians lived around the Nile River, where they foundRead MoreThe Giza Pyramid Site Of Giza906 Words à |à 4 Pagessite consists of not only the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx, but also lesser known components such as cemeteries and workers village. The site is located in Giza, close to modern day Cairo in Egypt. Figure 1 below shows the layout of the site The Giza pyramid site is an ancient Egypt burial site. To understand the significance of the Giza pyramid site it is necessary to first understand the rise of Egyptian civilization, and the religious significance of burial customs. Egyptian civilizationRead MoreHatshepsut s Alteration Of The Social Norms And Standards Surrounding Women1365 Words à |à 6 PagesHatshepsutââ¬â¢s alteration of the social norms and standards surrounding women in her society was the most significant impact of her reign over Ancient Egypt, because it proved that women could be self-sufficient and fully functioning leaders, gave divine legitimacy to their rules, and carved a path for future female rulers throughout the world. The 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt was a chiefly patriarchal society. It was a civilization in which femininity and power were not even considered remotely connectedRead MoreAncient Civilizations : Compare And Contrasting Ancient Civilizations804 Words à |à 4 PagesContrasting Ancient Civilizations Most people believe that all ancient civilizations were the same: they all lived with a steadfast loyalty to their one and only king that ruled all of the lands, civilizations only achievements were monumental buildings, and they vacuously attacked neighboring societies to gain more land for millennia. While some of this knowledge is true to an extent, civilizations accomplished an abundance more than some realize. Some fail to register that early civilizations areRead MoreInteresting Features of Ancient Civilizations631 Words à |à 3 Pageslive during that time and in that place. What was it that caused the transition from Neolithic life to civilization? What were some of the major features of those civilizations that you found interesting? One of the most interesting features of ancient civilizations was the extent to which topography influenced cultural worldviews and practices. For example, in the case of the Sumerians, they possessed a highly-evolved and complex culture, as manifested in the philosophical depth of their Epic ofRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian. Iris Kim. March.9,2017. International890 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian Iris Kim March.9,2017 International Grade 8 Pg.1 ! Introduced Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer. The history of ancient Egypt occurred
Friday, December 20, 2019
Ronald Reag My Hero - 866 Words
Ronald Reagan My hero is Ronald Reagan. When you think of Ronald Reagan you probably think about one of the presidents of the US, but Ronald Reagan was much more. Ronald Reagan during his life was an actor sports announcer in the military and the president. I choose Ronald Reagan as my hero because of the great things he did during his presidency, and the things that he did while not in office. Some of the things that were very important examples of him being a hero are when the air traffic controllers went on strike, when he made movements against the communists in Europe, and the greatest of all his achievements when he told the USSR dictator to tear down the Berlin wall. Let s talk about the first example. During his presidency the air traffic controllers want a raise, and because the government was not going to give them one they went on strike. Immediately after that Reagan said that if they did not go back to work then he would fire all of them and hire a new group of air traffic controllers. The air traffic controllers did not believe that Reagan would actually fire them, but he did and the next day all of them were fired and a new group were hired. I think that this shows that he was a hero because a hero is someone who is strong, and if he would have just let them walk over him and get their raises then people would have thought that he was weak, and during this time you did not want to seem weak. Also, I think that it shows he is a hero because those people were
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Tinker Creek Summary free essay sample
Chapter One: Heaven and Earth in Jest The opening of Pilgrim at Tinker Creek is one of the most famous passages from the book. l used to have a cat, the book begins. The narrator reports that she was in the habit of sleeping naked in front of an open window, and the cat would use that e nc window to return to the house at night after hunting. In the morning, the narrator would awaken to find her body covered with paw prints in blood; I looked as thou Id been painted with roses. This opening passage introduces several important ideas and approaches that wi operate through the entire book. Dillard insistently presents the natural world as both beautiful and cruel, like the image of roses painted in blood. She demonstra throughout the book that to discover nature, one must actively put oneself in its The narrator sleeps naked, with the windows open, to put no barriers between herself and the natural world. But the natural world is a manifestation of God, an is God she is really seeking to understand through the book. Dillard introduces th theme of religion as the narrator washes the bloodstains off her body, wondering whether they are the keys to the kingdom or the mark of Cain. Finally, the anecd tructure itself is typical; throughout the book, Dillard weaves together passages reflection, description, and narration. The books structure is loosely chronological, moving from January to December. Heaven and Earth in Jest is set in January, and several passages in present tense read like a naturalists Journal. But Dillard freely uses memories from other seaso and other years. l am no scientist. I explore the neighborhood, the narrator says, explaining both her method and her purpose. Chapter Two: Seeing The ten sections of chapter two all explore the question of what it means to really see. The narrator explains how she has trained herself to see insects in flight, hid birds in trees, and other common occurrences in nature that most people miss because the events are too small or happen too quickly. She spends hours on a I watching for muskrats and brings home pond water to study under a microscope. a long passage, she tells about patients who benefitted from the first cataract operations, and their difficulties in trying to see with their eyes after a lifetime of blindness. As the narrator contemplates different ways of seeing, she realizes, I cannot cause light; the most I can do is try to put myself in the path of its beam. Chapter Three: Winter Winter begins on the first of February with the movements of large flocks of starlings that live in the area. Down by the creek, the narrator watches a coot and thinks about the frogs and turtles asleep under the mud. Her forays outside are shorter, and she spends evenings in front of the fireplace reading books about travel and about Henry David Thoreau) and the spiders that are allowed the run of the house. Chapter Four: The Fixed In this chapter, the narrator discusses insects and stars. She has learned to recognize praying mantis egg cases in the wild, and she has brought one home and ied it to a branch near her window so she can observe the hatching. In the cold o February, she thinks about June and the steadiness of insects and the seeming nc fixedness of the stars. Chapter Five: Untying the Knot This short chapter takes its title from a snake skin the narrator finds in the woods. The skin appears to be tied in a knot, continuous, as the seasons are continuous loops. The narrator contemplates the changing of the seasons and hopes to be al and notice the exact moment when winter becomes spring. Chapter Six: The Present It is March. Surprisingly, as the chapter opens, the narrator is at a gas station on nterstate highway, talking with the station attendant. But it is not the conversatio that is im portant; rather, the narrator focuses on a beagle puppy, whose fur she r as she sips her coffee. For a moment, she feels entirely alive: This is it, I think, thi it, right now, the present, this empty gas station here, this western wind, this tang coffee on the tongue, and I am patting the puppy, I am watching the mountain. The narrator reflects on human consciousness and self-consciousness, which act against being in the present and against being in the presence of God. She affirm her intention to push away connections with cities, with people. The flowing creek new every second, and it is in the creek that grace can be found. Chapter Seven: Spring Spring unfolds through April and May, and the narrator has missed springs beginning. Plants are greening and flowering, and hibernating animals are reappearing. The narrator feels an urgency to examine every creature quickly bef summer comes and they begin to decay and devour each other. Chapter Eight: Intricacy This chapter contains more meditation than anecdote. In June, the narrator ponders the smallest thingsâ⬠red blood cells in a goldfishs tail, blooming plankton, the horsehair worm, molecules, and atoms. In the intricacy of the universe, she finds confirmation of Gods presence and plan: Beauty itself is the fruit of the creators exuberance that grew such a tangle. Chapter Nine: Flood Like many of Dillards chapter titles, The Flood is meant to be taken both literally and figuratively. This chapter, which opens with the first day of summer, describes an narrators human neighbors. It is among the most consistently narrative chapters of the book. The rising water brings with it a flood of emotions and thoughts, leaving the narrator feeling dizzy, drawn, mauled. Chapter Ten: Fecundity Fecundity means fruitfulness, and this chapter explores plants and animals, including fish, poppies, field mice, and bamboo, that grow quickly or produce larg nc numbers of offspring. Of course, these creatures are so prolific because they mus be: of a million fish eggs laid, only a few will survive to hatch. What kind of a worl this, anyway, the narrator asks. Are we dealing in life, or in death? Chapter Eleven: Stalking As summer progresses, the narrator practices her skills at stalking animals, espec animals that do not wish to be seen, including fish, herons, and muskrats. As she atches fish, she thinks about fish as an ancient symbol for Christ and for the spi In a long passage, she describes how she has spent years learning to stalk muskr But stalking animals is not the end in itself: You have to stalk the spirit, too. Chapter Twelve: Nightwatch In late summer, the narrator watches grasshoppers and locusts. She takes a sleep bag and a sandwich to spend a night outside. As she watches the sunset and list to the night sounds, she thinks, this is my city, my culture, and all the world I ne Chapter Thirteen: The Horns of the Altar At mid-September, the narrator ponders poisons, parasites, and pests. In the nat world, creatures eat one another or die of other causes. The chapter title refers to altars used for sacrifices in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian Bible. Anima to be sacrificed would be tied to horns, or rising side pieces, so that they would suspended above burning coals. The narrator is aware of herself as a potential sacrifice, as eventual food for maggots and parasites. I am aging and eaten and h done my share of eating too. Chapter Fourteen: Northing As October and November pass, the narrator thinks about heading north, facing directly into the coming winter. Watching butterflies and geese migrating south, s wishes to go north, to find a place where the wind and the view will be unimpeded, where she can find an austere simplicity. She believes that stillness will open her up to the presence of God. Chapter Fifteen: The Waters of Separation At the winter solstice, the weather is unusually warm. The narrator wanders through the brown landscape following a bee and reflecting on the year that has passed. The chapter title refers to ceremonial water used in the Old Testament for purifying the unclean. For Dillard, Tinker Creek flows with the waters of beauty and mystery and
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Pixar a System That Works free essay sample
When one thinks of the company Pixar, they automatically think Disney. However, this has not always been the case. Pixar was started in 1986 when Steve Jobs purchased the computer graphics department of Lucasfilms, Ltd, and renamed it Pixar. ââ¬Å"On November 22, 1995, Pixar released its first feature film, Disneyâ⬠¢Pixars Toy Storyâ⬠(Pixar. com). Since then, the company has evolved into one of the largest animation studios in the world, won 20 Oscars, and created ââ¬Å"films that have reinvented the art of animation, captured the imagination of audiences around the world, and grossed more than $3 Million at the box officeâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 226). Other films from the company include Monsters Inc. , WALL-E, A Bugââ¬â¢s Life, and The Incredibles. Until recently, the company has worked independently from Disney, but ââ¬Å"[o]n January 24, 2006, Pixar entered into an agreement with The Walt Disney Company to merge the two companiesâ⬠¦ Pixar is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Companyâ⬠(Pixar. com). This transformation from small computer graphics department to Oscar award winning animation studio could not have been achieved without Pixarââ¬â¢s emphasis on teamwork, its ability to motivate and involve all employees, and the creative culture fostered throughout the entire company. Pixar has not made this transformation by accident. The company understands how important teamwork is for survival. ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËItââ¬â¢s at the heart of our model,ââ¬â¢ Randy Nelson [dean of Pixar University and company executive] says, ââ¬Ëgiving people opportunities to fail together and recover from mistakes togetherââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (B. Taylor). That is why Pixar excels in the industry of film making, it ââ¬Å"makes films differentlyââ¬âand in the process, defies many familiar, and dysfunctional, industry conventionsâ⬠(B. Taylor). Instead of treating their films like most production companies do, Pixar draws all of its talent from within the group of salaried employees, creating ââ¬Å"a tight-knit company of long-term collaborators who stick together, learn from one another, and strive to improve with every productionâ⬠(B. Taylor). The directors who work for Pixar have given up the typical Hollywood lifestyle of moving from film to film, constantly working with a new team of people, for salaries and continued involvement in a team (B. Taylor). Writer Tom Davenport suggests that the secret to Pixarââ¬â¢s success is that the company actually uses teams to make its decisions. ââ¬Å"Even though directors have autonomy, they get feedback from others. ââ¬ËDailiesââ¬â¢, or movies in progress, are shown for feedback to the entire animation crewâ⬠(Davenport). The team input on films does not stop there. ââ¬Å"[After the films are complete], the team involved in the film is asked to come up with five things theyââ¬â¢d do again and five things they wouldnââ¬â¢t do againâ⬠(Davenport). Teamwork alone has not been the key to Pixarââ¬â¢s development. Employees also have a feeling of purpose in the company because of motivation and positive feedback from top executives. In order to motivate and show appreciation for every staff member, the company displays recent accomplishments and future plans all over the plant, for all employees to see. Randy Nelson says that ââ¬Å"People arenââ¬â¢t given information here, they bump into itâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 259). Pixar also offers opportunities for employees to get more involved in the company by using its Pixar University program to create cross functional teams, and involving members from all departments in the classroom. ââ¬Å"Every employeeââ¬âwhether an animator, technician, production assistant, accountant, or security guardââ¬âis encouraged to devote up to four hours a week, every week, to his or her educationâ⬠(B. Taylor). Pixar is devoted to showing employees how important every job is within the company. Nelson says, ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢ve made the leap from an idea-centered business to a people-centered business. Instead of developing ideas, we develop people. Instead of investing in ideas, we invest in peopleâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 230). To assist employee enthusiasm, Pixar also creates a very distinct atmosphere for employees to express themselves. One of the most unique aspects of Pixar is that the company does not just encourage creativity, but also builds a company culture that is completely imagination focused. ââ¬Å"Story art, in the form of paintings, sculptures, sketches, and collages, covers the walls and seeps into the far corners of the Pixar complex. Itââ¬â¢s not merely ââ¬Ëdecorââ¬â¢- itââ¬â¢s a form of inspiration and communication,â⬠it also serves as a ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ [showcase] for the ââ¬Ësecret identityââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëpersonal passionsââ¬â¢ of Pixariansâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 259-260). Employees shuffle around on scooters and sakteboards, ââ¬Å"to a [visitor], it feels like a meticulously designed movie set, as opposed to the setting for the creation of a collection of hit moviesâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 226). Also, Pixar selects very creative people to run their company. Randy Nelson is described as an ââ¬Å"energetic, colorful, fifty something artist and executiveâ⬠¦[who] juggled knives on Broadway as a founder of the Flying Karamazov Brothers, acted in feature films, and served in the leadership ranks of Apple and Nextâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 228). This sort of atmosphere helps to stimulate ideas and is a source of inspiration. Pixar is a place that employees want to be because they actually have fun at work, and are constantly learning. Nelson says, ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re trying to create a culture of learning, filled with lifelong learners. Itââ¬â¢s no trick for talented people to be interesting, but itââ¬â¢s a gift to be interested. We want an organization filled with interested peopleâ⬠(Taylor and LaBarre 230). The company realizes that happier employees make better films and generate more profits; which only further explains why Pixar is so successful. Pixar is an excellent model for other companies to follow. Company executives understand how teamwork, employee motivation and appreciation, and positive working environment harmonize to create a better business. Managers use teamwork to help control the decisions of the company, and lead employees with reinforcement and encouragement.
Thursday, November 28, 2019
Riordan Manufacturing Essay Example
Riordan Manufacturing Essay Riordan Manufacturing has production plants located in Albany, GA, Pontiac, MI, and their overseas plant in Hangzhouz, China. Each location is responsible for different production lines and inventory. The Research and Development department is located in San Jose, CA, Riordans headquarters. Riordan Manufacturings Vice President (VP) of Operations has a service request for an implementation of a Manufacturing Resource Plan (MRP) among Riordans three plants into one system. This request will make it easier to maintain the inventory of raw materials and inished products (Apollo Group, Inc. 2013). An MRP will improve the current computer systems. The VP of Operations, Mark Neitzel, made a request for the system. The system includes Inventor Oversight, which is broken into two components: The Inventory PC and the Customer Shipping and Billing. The further breakdown of the system needs to track all incoming raw materials, the manufacturing of product followed by product inventory, the ship ping of all products to clients, and the billing of clients. The system is broken down into workflows performed daily by each plant. Incoming raw materials workflow. 1. The Supply truck arrives at Receiving Dock with raw materials 2. The Dock Supervisor compares shipping documents against scheduled incoming orders 3. Once orders are concurred, the receiving team unloads truck and moves raw materials into the factory. 4. At the end of the day, the Dock Supervisor gives the log of all received materials to the Receiving Clerk. 5. The Receiving Clerk enters the nformation into the Inventory PC: the type of raw materials, vendor, and quantity. Manufacturing/Product inventory workflow. 1. The Manufacturing Staff completes inventory usage form indicating the type and quantity of raw materials used for manufacturing and assembly 2. The Inventory Clerk enters the information from the usage form into the PC. 3. After manufacturing is complete, manufacturing staff fills out inventory form. 4. Inventory clerk enters the forms information into the PC along with Bill of Materials (80M). Product shipping workflow. Orders from customers arrive by phone, fax, or sales staff and are recorded onto sales order forms. 2. The Sales Orders information from forms are entered into Customer Shipping and Billing System. 3. The Shipping Staff load trucks with products specified by the shipping document generated daily by the Customer Shipping and Billing System (Bill of Materials-BOM) (ADempiere, 2011). 4. Inventory clerk updates the Sipping Documents into the Inventory PC based on the shipping documents. Riordan Manufacturing By makemoves2014 We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Linearbandkeramik Culture - The First Farmers of Europe
Linearbandkeramik Culture - The First Farmers of Europe The Linearbandkeramik Culture (also called Bandkeramik or Linear Pottery Ceramic Culture or simply abbreviated LBK) is what German archaeologist F. Klopfleisch called the first true farming communities in central Europe, dated between about 5400 and 4900 BC. Thus, LBK is considered the first Neolithic culture in the European continent. The word Linearbandkeramik refers to the distinctive banded decoration found on pottery vessels on sites spread throughout central Europe, from south-western Ukraine and Moldova in the east to the Paris Basin in the west. In general, LBK pottery consists of fairly simple bowl forms, made of local clay tempered with organic material, and decorated with curved and rectilinear lines incised in bands. The LBK people are considered the importers of agricultural products and methods, moving the first domesticated animals and plants from the Near East and Central Asia into Europe. Lifestyles of the LBK The very earliest LBK sites have loads of pottery sherds with limited evidence of agriculture or stock-breeding. Later LBK sites are characterized by longhouses with rectangular plans, incised pottery, and a blade technology for chipped stone tools. The tools include raw material of high-quality flints including a distinctive chocolate flint from southern Poland, Rijkholt flint from the Netherlands and traded obsidian. Domesticated crops used by the LBK culture include emmer and einkorn wheat, crab apple, peas, lentils, flax, linseed, poppies,à and barley. Domestic animals include cattle, sheep and goats, and occasionally a pig or two. The LBK lived in small villages along streams or waterways characterized by large longhouses, buildings used for keeping livestock, sheltering people and providing workspace. The rectangular longhouses were between 7 and 45 meters long and between 5 and 7 meters wide. They were built of massive timber posts chinked with wattle and daub mortar. LBK cemeteries are found a short distance away from the villages, and, in general, are marked by single flexed burials accompanied by grave goods. However, mass burials are known at some sites, and some cemeteries are located within communities. Chronology of the LBK The earliest LBK sites are found in the Starcevo-Koros culture of the Hungarian plain, around 5700 BC. From there, the early LBK spreads separately east, north and west. The LBK reached the Rhine and Neckar valleys of Germany about 5500 BC. The people spread into Alsace and the Rhineland by 5300 BC. By the mid-5th millennium BC, La Hoguette Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and LBK immigrants shared the region and, eventually, only LBK was left. Linearbandkeramik and Violence There seems to be considerable evidence that relationships between the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe and the LBK migrants were not entirely peaceful. Evidence for violence exists at many LBK village sites. Massacres of whole villages and portions of villages appear to be in evidence at sites such as Talheim, Schletz-Asparn, Herxheim, and Vaihingen. Mutilated remains suggesting cannibalism have been noted at Eilsleben and Ober-Hogern. The westernmost area appears to have the most evidence for violence, with about one-third of the burials showing evidence of traumatic injuries. Further, there is a fairly high number of LBK villages that evidence some kind of fortification efforts: an enclosing wall, a variety of ditch forms, complex gates. Whether this resulted from direct competition between local hunter-gatherers and competing LBK groups is under investigation; this kind of evidence can only be partly helpful. However, the presence of violence on Neolithic sites in Europe is under some amount of debate. Some scholars have dismissed the notions of violence, arguing that the burials and the traumatic injuries are evidence of ritual behaviorsââ¬â¹, not inter-group warfare. Some stable isotope studies have noted that some mass burials are of non-local people; some evidence of slavery has also been noted. Diffusion of Ideas or People? One of the central debates among scholars about the LBK is whether the people were migrant farmers from the Near East or local hunter-gatherers who adopted the new techniques. Agriculture, animal and plant domestication both, originated in the Near East and Anatolia. The earliest farmers were the Natufians and Pre-Pottery Neolithic groups. Were the LBK people direct descendants of the Natufians or were they others who were taught about the agriculture? Genetic studies suggest that the LBK were genetically separate from the Mesolithic people, arguing for a migration of the LBK people into Europe, at least originally. LBK Sites The earliest LBK sites are located in the modern Balkan states about 5700 BC. Over the next few centuries, the sites are found in Austria, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, and eastern France. France: Berry-au-Bac, Merzbachtal, Cuiry-les-ChaudardesBelgium: Blicquy, VerlaineGermany: Meindling, Schwanfeld, Vaihingen, Talheim, Flomborn, Aiterhofen, Dillingen, HerxheimUkraine: Buh-DniestrianRussia: Rakushechnyi YarNetherlands: Swifterbant, Brandwijk-Kerkhof
Thursday, November 21, 2019
An analysis of skills an knowledge required to undertake degree Essay
An analysis of skills an knowledge required to undertake degree studies in LAW,and follow a future career path in company lawyer after graduation - Essay Example These legal method skills include applying and interpreting UK legislation, Law reports, European community legislations, human rights and treaties. Other legal method skills such as argument deconstruction and construction, oral argument skills and legal questions answering in both essay and problems are essential (Hanson 2012). Citing on the substantive and the critical aspect of studying Law as subject, students essentially requires a range of knowledge and skills competency in the legal system. The basic legal skills that are paramount for any law student are advocacy, consultation, negotiation, opinion writing, drafting and legal research (Gillespie 2013). Notably, becoming a company lawyer is demanding and there is need for developing strong advocacy skills for advancement and competency. Advocacy skills entail effective communication and presentation skills whether it is speech-making, proposal forwarding to clients or argument presentation (Smit, Waters & BIICL, 2009). The advocacy skills enhance interpersonal abilities of a company lawyer to be representing the organization competently on legal matters. In any successful career path especially in law, there is need for an individual to have proper consultation skills. The presentation skills are vital since consultation facilitates acquisition of authoritative information and ability to advice clients based on different legal situations. Consultation skills enable lawyers to extract information logically and be in a position of explaining concepts clearly, accurately and with simplicity (Blom-Cooper, Dickson & Drewry 2009). Moreover, the presentation skills boost lawyerââ¬â¢s understanding different techniques of questioning and effectiveness of challenging people while maintaining their trust. Moreover, a company lawyer should have strong negotiation skills. Negotiation techniques portray the lawyerââ¬â¢s image that further boosts
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